{
  "name": "Job Search Pressure by State",
  "publisher": "Jobsearch.ing",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/",
  "methodologyUrl": "https://jobsearch.ing/methodology/job-search-pressure-by-state/",
  "methodologyVersion": "1.0.0",
  "lastUpdated": "2026-08-22",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "definition": "State unemployment level divided by state job openings, both seasonally adjusted, for the same month. A value of 1.00 means one unemployed person for every advertised vacancy.",
  "unit": "unemployed people per job opening",
  "unitNote": "JOLTS publishes openings in thousands and LAUS publishes unemployment in whole people. The openings figure is multiplied by a thousand before dividing.",
  "period": "2025-12",
  "periodWarning": "This is 2025-12, not the current month. State JOLTS is released well behind the national series, so the atlas uses the latest month both state sources cover. The national Job Search Friction Index runs to 2026-06 and conditions have moved since. Do not present these figures as current-month data.",
  "notAFrictionIndex": "This is not a state edition of the Job Search Friction Index. The national index depends on unemployment duration and no comparable monthly state series exists, so the atlas uses a different and simpler measure under a different name.",
  "coverage": {
    "places": 51,
    "description": "50 states and the District of Columbia",
    "historyMonths": 119,
    "historyFrom": "2016-01",
    "historyTo": "2025-12",
    "percentileReferenceMonths": 107,
    "excludedWindow": "2020-03 to 2021-02"
  },
  "national": {
    "period": "2025-12",
    "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.15,
    "hiresRatePercent": 3.3,
    "note": "Computed from the national series, not by summing states. BLS models state and national estimates separately and they do not sum exactly."
  },
  "summary": {
    "mostCompetition": {
      "state": "Washington",
      "value": 1.8
    },
    "leastCompetition": {
      "state": "South Dakota",
      "value": 0.54
    },
    "median": 1.04,
    "min": 0.54,
    "max": 1.8,
    "highestToLowestRatio": 3.33,
    "placesWithMoreUnemployedThanOpenings": 27
  },
  "independence": {
    "spearmanVsUnemploymentRate": 0.679,
    "spearmanVsHiresRate": 0.006,
    "spearmanVsOpeningsRate": -0.52,
    "note": "Ranking by competition for openings is related to but distinct from ranking by unemployment rate (0.679), and close to unrelated to ranking by hires rate (0.006)."
  },
  "movement": {
    "comparedWith": "2024-12",
    "mostDeteriorated": [
      {
        "state": "Washington",
        "change": 0.76
      },
      {
        "state": "Oregon",
        "change": 0.65
      },
      {
        "state": "Massachusetts",
        "change": 0.57
      },
      {
        "state": "New Mexico",
        "change": 0.54
      },
      {
        "state": "Arizona",
        "change": 0.51
      }
    ],
    "mostImproved": [
      {
        "state": "Michigan",
        "change": -0.26
      },
      {
        "state": "Ohio",
        "change": -0.12
      },
      {
        "state": "Louisiana",
        "change": -0.05
      },
      {
        "state": "Texas",
        "change": -0.02
      },
      {
        "state": "Maine",
        "change": -0.02
      }
    ]
  },
  "doesNotSupport": [
    "Any claim about a city, county or metropolitan area.",
    "Any claim that the openings in a state match the people looking for work there.",
    "Any claim about how quickly people are hired; the hires rate ranks differently and is included per state.",
    "Any claim about people not counted as unemployed.",
    "Any forecast."
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "survey": "Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, state estimates",
      "seriesPattern": "JTS000000<ST>0000000JOL, JOR, HIR",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/jlt/"
    },
    {
      "publisher": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "survey": "Local Area Unemployment Statistics",
      "seriesPattern": "LASST<ST>0000000000004, 0000000000003",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/lau/"
    }
  ],
  "states": [
    {
      "state": "Washington",
      "abbr": "WA",
      "fips": "53",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/washington/",
      "rank": 1,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.8,
      "unemployedPersons": 198168,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 110,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 2.9,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.1,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.9,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 98,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.04,
      "yearChange": 0.76,
      "yearAgoRank": 9
    },
    {
      "state": "Nevada",
      "abbr": "NV",
      "fips": "32",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/nevada/",
      "rank": 2,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.7,
      "unemployedPersons": 88281,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 52,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.1,
      "hiresRatePercent": 4,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 5.2,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 99,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.21,
      "yearChange": 0.49,
      "yearAgoRank": 4
    },
    {
      "state": "Oregon",
      "abbr": "OR",
      "fips": "41",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/oregon/",
      "rank": 3,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.62,
      "unemployedPersons": 116823,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 72,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.5,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.5,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 5.3,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 98,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.97,
      "yearChange": 0.65,
      "yearAgoRank": 12
    },
    {
      "state": "California",
      "abbr": "CA",
      "fips": "06",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/california/",
      "rank": 4,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.62,
      "unemployedPersons": 1093176,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 674,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.6,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.2,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 5.5,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 80,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.63,
      "yearChange": -0.01,
      "yearAgoRank": 1
    },
    {
      "state": "New Jersey",
      "abbr": "NJ",
      "fips": "34",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/new-jersey/",
      "rank": 5,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.53,
      "unemployedPersons": 263630,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 172,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.8,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.4,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 5.4,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 92,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.19,
      "yearChange": 0.34,
      "yearAgoRank": 5
    },
    {
      "state": "Illinois",
      "abbr": "IL",
      "fips": "17",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/illinois/",
      "rank": 6,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.46,
      "unemployedPersons": 307963,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 211,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.3,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.7,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.7,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 86,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.18,
      "yearChange": 0.28,
      "yearAgoRank": 6
    },
    {
      "state": "Massachusetts",
      "abbr": "MA",
      "fips": "25",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/massachusetts/",
      "rank": 7,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.43,
      "unemployedPersons": 183984,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 129,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.4,
      "hiresRatePercent": 2.7,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.7,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 99,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.86,
      "yearChange": 0.57,
      "yearAgoRank": 20
    },
    {
      "state": "Arizona",
      "abbr": "AZ",
      "fips": "04",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/arizona/",
      "rank": 8,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.38,
      "unemployedPersons": 167319,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 121,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.6,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.9,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.4,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 86,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.87,
      "yearChange": 0.51,
      "yearAgoRank": 18
    },
    {
      "state": "New Mexico",
      "abbr": "NM",
      "fips": "35",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/new-mexico/",
      "rank": 9,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.33,
      "unemployedPersons": 42624,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 32,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.5,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.3,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.3,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 76,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.79,
      "yearChange": 0.54,
      "yearAgoRank": 31
    },
    {
      "state": "Colorado",
      "abbr": "CO",
      "fips": "08",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/colorado/",
      "rank": 10,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.25,
      "unemployedPersons": 125077,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 100,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.3,
      "hiresRatePercent": 2.9,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.8,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 98,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.24,
      "yearChange": 0.01,
      "yearAgoRank": 3
    },
    {
      "state": "Connecticut",
      "abbr": "CT",
      "fips": "09",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/connecticut/",
      "rank": 11,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.24,
      "unemployedPersons": 83387,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 67,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.8,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.6,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.3,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 74,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.95,
      "yearChange": 0.29,
      "yearAgoRank": 13
    },
    {
      "state": "South Carolina",
      "abbr": "SC",
      "fips": "45",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/south-carolina/",
      "rank": 12,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.22,
      "unemployedPersons": 125717,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 103,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.1,
      "hiresRatePercent": 4.4,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.8,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 90,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.8,
      "yearChange": 0.42,
      "yearAgoRank": 28
    },
    {
      "state": "Pennsylvania",
      "abbr": "PA",
      "fips": "42",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/pennsylvania/",
      "rank": 13,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.22,
      "unemployedPersons": 286684,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 235,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.7,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.4,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 80,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.06,
      "yearChange": 0.16,
      "yearAgoRank": 8
    },
    {
      "state": "Delaware",
      "abbr": "DE",
      "fips": "10",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/delaware/",
      "rank": 14,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.2,
      "unemployedPersons": 27510,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 23,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.4,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.6,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 5.3,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 94,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.83,
      "yearChange": 0.37,
      "yearAgoRank": 24
    },
    {
      "state": "Rhode Island",
      "abbr": "RI",
      "fips": "44",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/rhode-island/",
      "rank": 15,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.19,
      "unemployedPersons": 26264,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 22,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.1,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.9,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.4,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 79,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.98,
      "yearChange": 0.21,
      "yearAgoRank": 11
    },
    {
      "state": "Florida",
      "abbr": "FL",
      "fips": "12",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/florida/",
      "rank": 16,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.19,
      "unemployedPersons": 479324,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 404,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.9,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.1,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.3,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 79,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.88,
      "yearChange": 0.31,
      "yearAgoRank": 17
    },
    {
      "state": "New Hampshire",
      "abbr": "NH",
      "fips": "33",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/new-hampshire/",
      "rank": 17,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.13,
      "unemployedPersons": 24856,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 22,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.1,
      "hiresRatePercent": 2.4,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.2,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 99,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.74,
      "yearChange": 0.39,
      "yearAgoRank": 36
    },
    {
      "state": "Michigan",
      "abbr": "MI",
      "fips": "26",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/michigan/",
      "rank": 18,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.13,
      "unemployedPersons": 248858,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 221,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.7,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.8,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 5,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 75,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.39,
      "yearChange": -0.26,
      "yearAgoRank": 2
    },
    {
      "state": "Texas",
      "abbr": "TX",
      "fips": "48",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/texas/",
      "rank": 19,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.13,
      "unemployedPersons": 684133,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 608,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.1,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.5,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.3,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 73,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 1.15,
      "yearChange": -0.02,
      "yearAgoRank": 7
    },
    {
      "state": "Alaska",
      "abbr": "AK",
      "fips": "02",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/alaska/",
      "rank": 20,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.1,
      "unemployedPersons": 17531,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 16,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.5,
      "hiresRatePercent": 4.2,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.8,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 77,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.79,
      "yearChange": 0.31,
      "yearAgoRank": 32
    },
    {
      "state": "Idaho",
      "abbr": "ID",
      "fips": "16",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/idaho/",
      "rank": 21,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.08,
      "unemployedPersons": 36696,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 34,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.7,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.9,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.6,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 96,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.85,
      "yearChange": 0.23,
      "yearAgoRank": 21
    },
    {
      "state": "New York",
      "abbr": "NY",
      "fips": "36",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/new-york/",
      "rank": 22,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.08,
      "unemployedPersons": 464828,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 431,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.1,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.3,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.6,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 69,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.82,
      "yearChange": 0.26,
      "yearAgoRank": 26
    },
    {
      "state": "Maryland",
      "abbr": "MD",
      "fips": "24",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/maryland/",
      "rank": 23,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.07,
      "unemployedPersons": 136456,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 127,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.4,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.2,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.2,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 77,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.85,
      "yearChange": 0.22,
      "yearAgoRank": 22
    },
    {
      "state": "Utah",
      "abbr": "UT",
      "fips": "49",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/utah/",
      "rank": 24,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.06,
      "unemployedPersons": 68140,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 64,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.5,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.5,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.7,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 99,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.75,
      "yearChange": 0.31,
      "yearAgoRank": 33
    },
    {
      "state": "Iowa",
      "abbr": "IA",
      "fips": "19",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/iowa/",
      "rank": 25,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.05,
      "unemployedPersons": 59904,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 57,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.5,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.2,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.4,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 93,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.89,
      "yearChange": 0.16,
      "yearAgoRank": 16
    },
    {
      "state": "Arkansas",
      "abbr": "AR",
      "fips": "05",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/arkansas/",
      "rank": 26,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.04,
      "unemployedPersons": 62197,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 60,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.3,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.4,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.3,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 87,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.8,
      "yearChange": 0.24,
      "yearAgoRank": 27
    },
    {
      "state": "Kentucky",
      "abbr": "KY",
      "fips": "21",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/kentucky/",
      "rank": 27,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1.01,
      "unemployedPersons": 92583,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 92,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.3,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.4,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.4,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 71,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.83,
      "yearChange": 0.18,
      "yearAgoRank": 25
    },
    {
      "state": "Indiana",
      "abbr": "IN",
      "fips": "18",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/indiana/",
      "rank": 28,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 1,
      "unemployedPersons": 123564,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 123,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.7,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.5,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.5,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 79,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.92,
      "yearChange": 0.08,
      "yearAgoRank": 15
    },
    {
      "state": "Minnesota",
      "abbr": "MN",
      "fips": "27",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/minnesota/",
      "rank": 29,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 0.99,
      "unemployedPersons": 134096,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 135,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.3,
      "hiresRatePercent": 2.9,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 4.2,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 93,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.71,
      "yearChange": 0.28,
      "yearAgoRank": 39
    },
    {
      "state": "Kansas",
      "abbr": "KS",
      "fips": "20",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/kansas/",
      "rank": 30,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 0.98,
      "unemployedPersons": 60005,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 61,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.3,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.8,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 84,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.84,
      "yearChange": 0.14,
      "yearAgoRank": 23
    },
    {
      "state": "Missouri",
      "abbr": "MO",
      "fips": "29",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/missouri/",
      "rank": 31,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 0.96,
      "unemployedPersons": 123144,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 128,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4.1,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.2,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.9,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 82,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.73,
      "yearChange": 0.23,
      "yearAgoRank": 37
    },
    {
      "state": "North Carolina",
      "abbr": "NC",
      "fips": "37",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/north-carolina/",
      "rank": 32,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 0.96,
      "unemployedPersons": 203385,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 212,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.2,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.8,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 76,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.72,
      "yearChange": 0.24,
      "yearAgoRank": 38
    },
    {
      "state": "Montana",
      "abbr": "MT",
      "fips": "30",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/montana/",
      "rank": 33,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 0.94,
      "unemployedPersons": 20574,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 22,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 4,
      "hiresRatePercent": 4,
      "unemploymentRatePercent": 3.6,
      "stateHistoricalPercentile": 90,
      "yearAgoUnemployedPerJobOpening": 0.6,
      "yearChange": 0.34,
      "yearAgoRank": 48
    },
    {
      "state": "Wyoming",
      "abbr": "WY",
      "fips": "56",
      "url": "https://jobsearch.ing/job-market/states/wyoming/",
      "rank": 34,
      "unemployedPerJobOpening": 0.91,
      "unemployedPersons": 10007,
      "jobOpeningsThousands": 11,
      "jobOpeningsRatePercent": 3.6,
      "hiresRatePercent": 3.7,
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